海原断裂带西段断层泥的分形研究     

邹谨敞  邵顺妹 《地震研究》1997,20(2):236-243

利用光学和电子显微镜研究了海原断裂带西段断层泥的粒径分布，５微米至１厘米的粒径段，断层泥具有自相似特征，断层面的粘滑摩擦的特征位移参数可由分维上限（约１厘米）确定。同时用分形理论分析了断层泥粒度分重量百分比的分形结构特征，探讨了粒度成分分维值与断层运动特征的关系。  相似文献   

河西走廊西段南北向左行逆冲活动断裂的发现及其意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈柏林 《地质学报》2009,83(7):937-945

在河西走廊西段酒西盆地中心偏北部的阴洼山西侧发现了南北走向的阴洼山西缘左行逆冲断裂。该断裂长约4km,近南北走向,倾向东,倾角中等,是发育于北西向阴洼山右行逆冲断裂近北西端部附近的一条次级活动断裂。沿该断裂奥陶系灰绿色浅变质砂岩逆冲于白垩系紫红色砂砾岩、新近系桔红色泥岩和晚第四纪上更新世末期松散坡积层(热释光年龄10,3ka)之上。在剖面上断裂表现为自东向西的逆冲作用,其最新一次新构造活动时间在全新世中晚期（距今3～5ka）。在平面上该断裂断错自东向西从阴洼山山体流向西侧低丘斜坡戈壁地带的小冲沟致使冲沟呈“S”形拐折,反映出断裂具有明显的左行走滑。该断裂沿断层面的左行斜冲总位移达3000m,其中垂向位移为1800m左右,与阴洼山断裂垂向位移及阴洼山隆升幅度相当。该断裂的形成是阴洼山断裂右行逆冲活动所引起的局部构造应力场作用的结果,也对阴洼山断裂右行逆冲所形成的巨大位移在短距离内起到了消减和平衡作用。  相似文献   

青藏高原班公湖-怒江缝合带丁青-碧土段大地构造演化   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  

蒋光武  谢尧武  白珍平  西诺朗杰  强巴扎西  彭兴阶 《地质通报》2009,28(9):1259-1266

藏东班公湖-怒江缝合带丁青-碧土段位于该缝合带由东西向转向南北向的转折部位,夹持于冈瓦纳大陆冈底斯-察隅陆块与泛华夏扬子大陆昌都-思茅陆块之间,经历过强烈伸展、挤压、碰撞、急剧沉降和隆升,是地质构造极其复杂的造山带。其沉积构造环境复杂多样,与该缝合带发展演化有关的岩浆活动极其强烈、频繁,并发育有高压变质带。丁青-碧土-怒江洋盆经历了较为完整的威尔逊旋回,包括裂谷-初始洋盆阶段、洋盆扩张阶段、俯冲消减阶段、封闭碰撞阶段的发展和演化。  相似文献   

准噶尔盆地南缘东段构造解析和构造解释模型建立          下载免费PDF全文

梁舒艺  吴孔友  裴仰文  张健  李天然 《古地理学报》2019,21(5):817-824

准噶尔盆地南缘山前带油气地质条件良好,但构造变形强烈、地震资料品质差且构造解释多解性强。通过南缘东段野外露头典型构造解析、“地质戴帽”、室内构造物理模拟实验、电法勘探中建场测深线的深度—电阻率反演剖面和地震资料解释,结合钻探结果,构建了南缘东段山前复杂带的构造—地层格架和叠瓦状冲断、多层次逆冲推覆的构造模型,探讨了山前复杂构造区低成像品质地震资料的构造解释模型建立的方法;明确逆冲断裂下盘的掩伏构造是下步勘探首选的目标类型。为南缘山前复杂构造带构造解释提供构造样式和断裂类型的参考,进一步为盆地南缘山前带的油气勘探和井位部署提供依据。该构造模型建立的方法在南缘西段山前复杂构造区的勘探目标评价中取得了良好的应用效果。  相似文献   

煤层定向水平分支井预测方法研究     

张传凤 《中国煤炭地质》2019,(3):26-31

借鉴石油系统地质导向工作方法,提出煤层中水平段钻进确定煤层倾角的三维空间计算方法,以及如何指导进入着陆点后调整孔斜角的原则。根据不同地层产状下钻头钻进和钻出煤层的姿态,总结出在钻进过程中因煤层产状变化引起的8种不同脱靶(入靶)模式,并推导出三维空间内8种模式下真实煤层视倾角的计算方法。采用半定量的方法给出脱靶后调整钻孔轨迹的方法以及孔斜调整区间。通过钻探实例验证该预测算法能够指导减少脱靶,提高煤层钻遇率和钻井效率。  相似文献   

一种空间数据接边入库方法     

刘善磊  王圣尧  石善球  张瑞 《测绘通报》2017,(3):101

针对空间数据接边入库提出了一种新的方法,可有效改善传统方法效率低和质量不可控等问题。为提高接边处待合并要素的提取效率,根据当前数据要素总数和接边线总长度进行接边线最优分段处理;同时,为满足数据入库质量要求,采用网络分析技术对数据进行优化处理,删除接边处多余节点。实践表明,本文提出的方法可以兼顾空间数据接边入库的效率和质量,在保证质量的前提下节省了人力、物力和时间,在基础测绘和地理国情普查等数据的接边入库工作中发挥了重要作用。  相似文献   

芦山地震前后龙门山断裂带西南段地应力状态对比分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

邱君  吴满路  范桃园  张重远  李冉  陈利忠 《地质学报》2017,91(5):969-978

2013年4月20日芦山Ms7.0级地震后,为研究龙门山断裂带西南段震后的地应力状态,应用水压致裂法和压磁应力解除法在该区开展了2个钻孔的原地应力测量工作。测量结果显示硗碛测点在128～188m深度范围内最小水平主应力的量值为10.47～18.47 MPa,最大水平主应力的量值为19.60～25.83 MPa,方向为N63°～85°W;天全测点在114～142m深度范围内最小水平主应力的量值为5.20～7.73 MPa,最大水平主应力的量值为8.21～9.31 MPa,方向为N59°W。两个测点水平主应力与垂直应力的关系均为σ_Hσ_hσ_v,其中硗碛测点最大、最小水平主应力与垂直应力比值的平均值分别为5.27和3.01,天全测点最大、最小水平主应力与垂直应力比值的平均值分别为2.60和1.76,表明有利于逆断层活动。通过比较该地区芦山地震前后实测地应力状态,发现芦山地震后,龙门山断裂带西南段的北段(即邛崃大邑西-宝兴北-汶川南一带)和南段(即天全-荥经-泸定-康定一带)应力积累量增加。相同深度范围内,北段硗碛测点震后的应力大小要比地震前有明显的提高,这也与硗碛测点地应力监测结果一致。实测应力方向与震前基本一致,都为NW-NWW。基于实测地应力资料,根据库伦破裂准则和Byerlee定律分析,位于北段的硗碛测点震前部分压裂段的最大水平主应力处于使断层滑动临界值的上下限之间,而地震后最大水平主应力则均已超过断层滑动临界值的上限。位于南段的飞仙关测点震前最大水平主应力均未达到断层滑动临界值的下限,而地震后天全测点的最大水平主应力则均处于使断层滑动临界值的上下限之间。采用最大剪应力(σ_1-σ_3)/2与平均应力(σ_1+σ_3)/2的比值μ_m(断层摩擦)参数评估研究区地应力的积累水平和地震危险性。震前硗碛测点μ_m的量值为0.16～0.72,平均为0.50,震后为0.71～0.81,平均为0.77。震前飞仙关测点μ_m的量值为0.31～0.35,平均值为0.32,震后天全测点μ_m的量值为0.53～0.57,平均值为0.55,两个研究区的μ_m的量值均变大。分析认为芦山地震后龙门山断裂带西南段的北段和南段的应力积累量增加,都有发生断层滑动的可能性,尤其是北段。  相似文献   

CHANGES IN FAULT MOVEMENT PROPERTY AND GENETIC MECHANISM ON THE WESTERN SEGMENT OF THE XIANGSHAN-TIANJINGSHAN FAULT ZONE          下载免费PDF全文

LI Xin-nan  LI Chuan-you  ZHANG Pei-zhen  WANG Xu-guang  ZHANG Long-sheng 《地震地质》2016,38(3):732-746

The Xiangshan-Tianjingshan fault zone is an important part of the arc tectonic zone in northeastern Tibet, whose eastern segment is characterized by primarily left-lateral slip along with thrust component. In contrast, the fault movement property on the western segment of the Xiangshan-Tianjingshan fault zone is more complicated. According to the offset geomorphic features and cross sections revealed by the trenches and outcrops, the western segment is mainly a left-lateral strike-slip fault with normal component, and only accompanied with reverse component at specific positions. To determine the genetic mechanism of fault movement property on the western segment, we obtained three main factors based on the integrated analysis of fault geometry:(1)Step-overs:the left-stepping parallel faults in a sinistral shear zone create extensional step-overs and control the nearby and internal fault movement property; (2)terminal structures:they are conductive to stop rupture propagation and produce compressive deformation at the end of the fault trace; and(3)double bends:strike-slip faults have trace that bends such that slip between two adjacent blocks creates a compressive stress and thrust fault. Additionally, the Tianjingshan sub-block moves to SEE and creates an extensional stress at the end of the sub-block associated with normal faults. It shows that the Xiangshan-Tianjingshan fault zone has a complex evolution history, which is divided into two distinctive periods and characterized by laterally westward propagating.  相似文献   

TRANSVERSE STRUCTURES FEATURES OF DIFFERENT DEPTHS DERIVED FROM BOUGUER GRAVITY ANOMALIES IN THE SOUTHERN SEGMENT OF TAN-LU FAULT ZONE          下载免费PDF全文

WANG Xin  ZHANG Jing-fa  JIANG Wen-liang  JIANG Hong-bo  TIAN Tian  GAO Min  FU Ping-jie 《地震地质》2016,38(2):370-385

To research the faults distribution and deep structures in the southern segment of Tan-Lu fault zone(TLFZ) and its adjacent area, this paper collects the Bouguer gravity data and makes separation by the multi-scale wavelet analysis method to analyze the crustal transverse structure of different depths. Meanwhile Moho interface is inversed by Parker variable density model. Research indicates that the southern segment of TLFZ behaves as a NNE-directed large-scale regional field gravity gradient zone, which separates the west North China-Dabie orogen block and the east Yangtze block, cutting the whole crust and lithosphere mantle. There are quite differences of density structures and tectonic features between both sides of this gradient belt. The sedimentary and upper crustal density structure is complex. The two east branches of TLFZ behave as linear gravity anomalous belt throughout the region, whereas the two west branches of TLFZ continue to extend after truncating the EW-trending gravity anomaly body. The lower crustal density structure is relatively simple. TLFZ behaves as a broad and gentle low abnormal belt, which reflects the Cretaceous-Paleogene extension environment caused graben structure. The two west branches of TLFZ, running through Hefei city, extend southward along the west margin of Feidong depression and pinch out in Shucheng area due to the high density trap occlusions in the south of Shucheng. The Feizhong Fault, Liu'an-Hefei Fault, and Feixi-Hanbaidu Fault intersect the two west branch faults of TLFZ without extending to the east. Recent epicenters are mainly located in conversion zones between the high-density and the low-density anomaly, especially in TLFZ and the junction of the faults, where earthquakes frequently occurred in the upper and middle crust. As strong earthquakes rarely occur in the southern segment of TLFZ, considering its deep feature of abrupt change of the Moho and intersections with many EW-trending faults, the hazard of strong earthquake cannot be ignored.  相似文献   

FAULT ACTIVITY OF THE SOUTHWESTERN SEGMENT OF THE EASTERN BRANCH OF XINYI-LIANJIANG FAULT ZONE IN GUANGDONG PROVINCE          下载免费PDF全文

ZHANG Long-sheng  ZHOU Ben-gang  JI Feng-ju  YANG Xiao-ping  AN Yan-fen 《地震地质》2016,38(2):316-328

The NE-trending Xinyi-Lianjiang fault zone is a tectonic belt, located in the interior of the Yunkai uplift in the west of Guangdong Province, clamping the Lianjiang synclinorium and consisting of the eastern branch and the western branch. The southwestern segment of the eastern branch of Xinyi-Lianjiang fault zone, about 34km long, extends from the north of Guanqiao, through Lianjiang, to the north of Hengshan. However, it is still unclear about whether the segment extends to Jiuzhoujiang alluvial plain or not, which is in the southwest of Hengshan. If it does, what is about its fault activity? According to ‘Catalogue of the Modern Earthquakes of China’, two moderately strong earthquakes with magnitude 6.0 and 6.5 struck the Lianjiang region in 1605 AD. So it is necessary to acquire the knowledge about the activity of the segment fault, which is probably the corresponding seismogenic structure of the two destructive earthquakes. And the study on the fault activity of the segment can boost the research on seismotectonics of moderately strong earthquakes in Southeast China. In order to obtain the understanding of the existence of the buried fault of the southwestern segment, shallow seismic exploration profiles and composite borehole sections have been conducted. The results indicate its existence. Two shallow seismic exploration profiles show that buried depth of the upper breakpoints and vertical throw of the buried fault are 60m and 4~7m(L5-1 and L5-2 segment, the Hengshan section), 85m and 5~8m(L5-3 segment), 73m and 3~5m(Tiantouzai section), respectively and all of them suggest the buried fault has offset the base of the Quaternary strata. Two composite borehole sections reveal that the depth of the upper breakpoints and vertical throws of the buried segment are about 66m and 7.5m(Hengshan section) and 75m and 5m(Tiantouzai section), respectively. The drilling geological section in Hengshan reveals that the width of the fault could be up to 27m. Chronology data of Quaternary strata in the two drilling sections, obtained by means of electron spin resonance(ESR), suggest that the latest activity age of the buried fault of the southwestern segment is from late of early Pleistocene(Tiantouzai section) to early stage of middle Pleistocene(Hengshan section). Slip rates, obtained by Hengshan section and Tiantouzai section, are 0.1mm/a and 0.013mm/a, respectively. As shown by the fault profile located in a bedrock exposed region in Shajing, there are at least two stages of fault gouge and near-horizontal striation on the fault surface, indicating that the latest activity of the southwestern segment is characterized by strike-slip movement. Chronology data suggest that the age of the gouge formed in the later stage is(348±49) ka.  相似文献